Social Psych Lecture 11 3.16
- Hypocrisy Induction
- Aronson & colleagues, 1991
- Method: compose speech in favor of condom use
- Conditions:
- Private (written for self)
- Public (recorded on video)
- Hypocrisy Induction:
- Aware of failure to wear condoms
- Control
- Public Hypocrisy group more likely to purchase condoms & use them a few months later
- Attitudes to Victims:
- Dissonant Cognitions:
- I hurt someone who didn't deserve it
- I'm a good person
- Change cognition: perhaps the person deserved it
- Dissonant Cognitions:
- Aronson & colleagues, 1991
- Cognitions: evaluations of people, objects, or ideas
- Three Parts
- Affective: emotional reaction toward the attitude object
- Cognitive: thoughts and beliefs abt the attitude object
- Behavioral: actions or observable behaviors toward attitude object
- Where do attitudes come from?
- Cognitively based attitudes
- Beliefs about the properties of an attitude object
- "Pluses and minuses"
- Utilitarian objects (vacuums rather than snakes)
- Affectively Based Attitudes
- Based on emotions and values (politics, sex, religion, etc.)
- Voters often care more about how they feel about a candidate than that candidate's specific policies
- Cognitively based attitudes
- Classical Conditioning
- Neutral stim paired w/CS (e.g. attitudinal similarity, heat, crowding)
- Operant Conditioning:
- Behavior is followed by reward/punish
- Behaviorally Based Attitudes:
- Self-perception Theory: We infer internal states from freely chosen behavior
- Attitudes and Behavior:
- "Attitudes are not good predictors of behavior" (see LaPiere, 1934; Wicker, 1969)
- Spontaneous Behaviors
- Whatever attitude is currently accessible
- Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985)
- Attitude Toward Behavior (characteristics & evaluations)
- Subjective Norm (perceived social pressure to act in a certain way)
- Perceived Behavioral Control (self capable of performing given behavior?)
- Intention
- Compatibility of Attitude and Behavior Measures
- General attitudes, general behaviors
- Specific attitudes, specific behaviors
- Theory of Planned Behavior
- Persuasive Comm
- Yale Attitude Change Studies
- Source ("Who")
- Credibility (Expertise)
- Attractiveness (including fame)
- Message ("says what")
- Target ("to whom")
- Distraction
- Intelligence
- Self-esteem (moderate > low, high)
- Age (18-25)
- Source ("Who")
- Yale Attitude Change Studies
- Three Parts