Anthro Lecture 13 3.3

Following a large volcanic eruption in Italy 39kya that spewed ash over a wide area of eastern Europe, climactic conditions & seasonal contrasts may have been such as to require new artifacts and much more sophisticated hunting and foraging skills
- Stone Age Biface
- Atlatl
- Cro-Magnon tech depended on four interrelated foundations:
  - Careful selection of fine-grained rock such as chert, flint, or obsidian for blade cores
  - The production of relatively standardized, parallel-sided artifact blanks from these cores that could be used to make more specialized cutting, piercing, and scraping tools
  - Groove-and-splinter technique
- Cro-Magnon cultures had a flowering religious and social life, reflected in cave art
  - Most commonly featured are animals, but geometric shapes and hand tracings are also found
    - Bull from Altamira Cave in Northern Spain
  - The symbolic and ceremonial life of the Cro-Magnons was likely no more elaborate than their cousins on other continents
  - For most of the year, the Cro-Magnons lived in small groups, subsiting off a wide range of game and stored foods. The cam together in spring and fall when the land could support larger numbers
- The Peopling of Eurasia
  - The open-steppe plains that stretched from the Atlantic to Siberia were a far harsher environment than the sheltered valleys of southwestern Europe
  - The Peopling of Southeast Asia and Australia
    - Australia occupation is well documented after 40/50kya
    - Aborigines
      - Cave art
        
        Gabarnmung Cave, Australia
  - During Glacial periods, many offshore islands became part of the Asian mainland
- Peopling o/Americas
  - The Ice-free Corridor between the Laurentide and Cordillians Glaciers was blocked 22,000-13,000 yrs ago
  - Archaeological sites dating to a time before the opening of the Ice-Free Corridor
  - Monte Verde 13.5-18.5kya